Composite hexagonal ferrite materials

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are embodiments of composite hexagonal ferrite materials formed from a combination of Y phase and Z phase hexagonal ferrite materials. Advantageously, embodiments of the material can have a high resonant frequency as well as a high permeability. In some embodiments, the materials can be useful for magnetodielectric antennas.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claimis identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the presentapplication are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57.

BACKGROUND Field

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods of preparingcompositions and materials useful in electronic applications, and inparticular, useful in radio frequency (RF) electronics and antennas.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a composite hexagonal ferritematerial, the material comprising a base y-phase hexagonal ferritecomposition having a formula Sr_(2-x)Na_(x)Co_(2-x)Sc_(x)Fe₁₂O₂₂, and adoped-in z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition to form the compositehexagonal ferrite material, the composite hexagonal ferrite materialhaving a Q value of greater than about 15 at 1 GHz.

In some embodiments, the material can have a Q value of greater thanabout 20 at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, the material can have a realpermeability of between 3 and 7 at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, thematerial can have a real permeability of greater than 6.

In some embodiments, the z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition cancomprise Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁. In someembodiments, the y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition can compriseSr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂. In some embodiments, thecomposite hexagonal ferrite material can further include Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁,Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁, MnO₂, Al₂O₃, or SiO₂.

Also disclosed herein are embodiments of a method of forming a compositehexagonal ferrite material the method comprising combing a y-phasehexagonal ferrite composition having a formulaSr_(2-x)Na_(x)Co_(2-x)Sc_(x)Fe₁₂O₂₂ at least partially with a z-phasehexagonal ferrite composition, thereby forming a composite hexagonalferrite material having a Q value of greater than about 15 at 1 GHz.

In some embodiments, the method can further include doping the materialwith indium or zirconium to reduce strontium levels.

In some embodiments, the composite hexagonal ferrite material can have aQ value of greater than about 20 at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, thecomposite hexagonal ferrite material can have a real permeability ofbetween 3 and 7 at 1 GHz.

In some embodiments, the z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition cancomprise Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁. In someembodiments, the y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition can compriseSr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂.

Further disclosed herein are embodiments of an antenna formed from acomposite hexagonal ferrite material, the antenna comprising a basey-phase hexagonal ferrite composition having a formulaSr_(2-x)Na_(x)Co_(2-x)Sc_(x)Fe₁₂O₂₂, and a doped-in z-phase hexagonalferrite composition to form the composite hexagonal ferrite material,the composite hexagonal ferrite material having a Q value of greaterthan about 15 at 1 GHz.

In some embodiments, the antenna can be part of a wireless device. Insome embodiments, the antenna can be part of a tablet. In someembodiments, the antenna can be usable at frequencies of 1 GHz andabove.

In some embodiments, the composite hexagonal ferrite material can have aQ value of greater than about 20 at 1 GHz and a real permeability ofbetween 3 and 7 at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, the z-phase hexagonalferrite composition can compriseBa_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁.

In some embodiments, the y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition cancomprise Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically shows how materials having one or more featuresdescribed herein can be designed, fabricated, and used.

FIG. 2 illustrates the crystal structure of an embodiment of a Y-phasehexagonal ferrite.

FIGS. 3A-I illustrate real permeability of embodiments of thedisclosure.

FIGS. 4A-I illustrate imaginary permeability of embodiments of thedisclosure.

FIGS. 5A-I illustrate the quality factor of embodiments of thedisclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates μ′ and Q at 1 GHz for embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates real permeability of embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates imaginary permeability of embodiments of thedisclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates the quality factor of embodiments of the disclosure.

FIGS. 10-12 illustrates μ′ and Q at 1 GHz for embodiments of thedisclosure.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a process that can be implemented tofabricate a ceramic material incorporating embodiments of Y-phasehexagonal ferrite.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a process that can be implemented to forma shaped object from powder material incorporating embodiments of thecomposite hexagonal ferrite.

FIG. 15 shows examples of various stages of the process of FIG. 14 .

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a process that can be implemented tosinter formed objects such as those formed in the example of FIGS. 14and 15 .

FIG. 17 shows examples of various stages of the process of FIG. 16 .

FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method offorming a composite hexagonal ferrite material.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method offorming a composite hexagonal ferrite material.

FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment of a power amplifier module which canuse embodiments of the disclosed material.

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless device which can useembodiments of the disclosed material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed herein are embodiments of materials that can be advantageousas magnetodielectric materials, such as magnetodielectric antennas.Specifically, disclosed herein are embodiments of composite hexagonalferrite materials. Embodiments of the composite hexagonal ferrite can bemade of both y-phase and z-phase hexagonal ferrites. In particular, thecomposites hexagonal ferrite materials disclosed herein can have a highresonant frequency, allowing for a higher maximum operating frequency,while maintaining a high permeability, which allows for easierminiaturization and impedance matching.

Magnetodielectric materials can be particularly useful in radiofrequency(RF) devices such as antennas, transformers, inductors, circulators, andabsorbers because of certain favorable material properties. For example,magnetodielectric materials can be useful for increasing the upperfrequency limits of an antenna, which is largely determined by theresonant frequency of the material used. Additionally, some of theproperties afforded by magnetic materials can be favorable miniaturizingfactors, reduced field concentration, and better impedance match, all ofwhich are advantageous for radiofrequency devices.

Advantageously, embodiments of the disclosure can be used in particularfor the formation of antennas. Specifically, embodiments of thedisclosure can be used at GHz frequencies, in some embodiments greaterthan 1, 2, or 3 GHz and can be used for WiFi, such as in cell phones,tablets, etc.

In some embodiments, the disclosed material can have a permeability of10 at 1 GHz along with Q values of 50 or above. In some embodiments, thedisclosed material can have a permeability of at least 5 at 3 GHz and aQ value of at least 30.

Recent advances in magnetodielectric materials are driven in part by thedesire to miniaturize high frequency antennas, thus reducing the overallfootprint of the antenna, while maintaining desirable bandwidth,impedance, and low dielectric loss. Disclosed herein are materials andmethods of making magnetodielectric materials that have improvedresonant frequencies as well as low dielectric loss, thus providing formaterials that are advantageous for use in, at least, radiofrequencyelectronics. Two figures of merit for antenna performance include theminiaturization factor and the bandwidth. First, the miniaturizationfactor is determined by the formula:d _(eff) =d _(o)(ε_(r)μ_(r))^(−1/2)where d_(eff)/d_(o) is the miniaturization factor, ε_(r) is thedielectric constant of the antenna material, and μ_(r) is the magneticpermeability of the antenna material. Both ε_(r) and μ_(r) are dependenton frequency in magnetic oxide antennas. Second the effective bandwidth(or efficiency) is determined by the formula:η=η_(o)(μ_(r)/ε_(r))^(1/2)where η/η_(o) describes the efficiency (or bandwidth) of the material.This efficiency is maximized if μ_(r) is maximized. In addition ifμ_(r)=ε_(r) there is a perfect impedance match to free space.

FIG. 1 schematically shows how one or more chemical elements (block 1),chemical compounds (block 2), chemical substances (block 3) and/orchemical mixtures (block 4) can be processed to yield one or morematerials (block 5) having one or more features described herein. Insome embodiments, such materials can be formed into ceramic materials(block 6) configured to include a desirable dielectric property (block7), a magnetic property (block 8).

In some embodiments, a material having one or more of the foregoingproperties can be implemented in applications (block 10) such asradio-frequency (RF) application. Such applications can includeimplementations of one or more features as described herein in devices12. In some applications, such devices can further be implemented inproducts 11. Examples of such devices and/or products are describedherein.

Hexagonal Ferrite

One class of materials that can have advantageous magnetic propertiesfor magnetodielectric applications are hexagonal ferrites. Hexagonalferrites, or hexaferrites, have magnetic properties that are directlylinked to their crystal structure. For example, hexagonal ferrites allhave magnetocrystalline anisotropy, where the response to an inducedmagnetic field has a preferred orientation through the crystalstructure. Additionally, hexagonal ferrite systems, in particular, aredesirable because of their high magnetic permeability and absorption atmicrowave (100 MHz-20 GHz) frequencies.

Hexagonal ferrite crystal systems can include crystal structures thatare generally intergrowths between magnetoplumbite and spinel structurescontaining strontium (Sr) or barium (Ba), a divalent cation such as iron(Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) or manganese (Mn) and trivalent Fe. Thehexagonal ferrite may be formed in a variety of different crystalstructures based on the magnetoplumbite cell. These structures includeM-phase (SrFe₁₂O₁₉), W-phase (BaMe₂Fe₁₆O₂₇), Y-phase (Sr₂Me₂Fe₁₂O₂₂) andZ-phase (Ba₃Me₂Fe₂₄O₄₂), as well as combinations of the structures. FIG.2 illustrates the crystal structure of Y-phase hexagonal ferrite.

While typical hexagonal ferrites contain barium, the barium atoms can besubstituted out for an atom of a similar size, such as strontium.Accordingly, the substitution of the barium atoms with strontium atomsshould not negatively impact the properties of the material as thestructure should retain generally the same shape. In fact, as shownbelow, the use of strontium instead of barium can allow for otherprocessing methods that improve the magnetodielectric properties of thehexagonal ferrite.

One example hexagonal ferrite that can be particularly advantageous as amagnetodielectric material for use in, for example, high frequencyantennas or other RF devices, is Y-phase strontium cobalt ferrite(Sr₂Co₂Fe₁₂O₂₂), commonly abbreviated as Co₂Y. Disclosed herein areembodiments of this a class of Y-phase hexagonal ferrites, as well asmethods of manufacturing them, having improved magnetic propertiesuseful for RF applications, such as improved resonant frequencies, lowmagnetic loss, and high Q factor values.

Embodiments of the present disclosure, teach methods and processingtechniques for improving performance characteristics of hexagonalferrite materials used in high frequency applications. Certainembodiments provide improved methods and processing techniques formanufacturing Y-phase hexagonal ferrite systems Sr₂Co₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Co₂Y)that have reduced magnetostriction, improved resonant frequency, andextended magnetic permeability at higher frequencies.

Magnetodielectric Properties

Certain properties of a material can be advantageous for use inmagnetodielectric applications, such as radio frequency antennas. Theseproperties include, but are not limited to, magnetic permeability,permittivity, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic loss, and magnetic Q values.

Permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support theformation of a magnetic field within itself. In other words, magneticpermeability is the degree of magnetization that a material obtains inresponse to an applied magnetic field. Accordingly, a higher magneticpermeability, or mu′ or μ′, allows for a material to support a highermagnetic field. Accordingly, it can be advantageous to have highmagnetic permeability for use with radio frequency applications.

Relative permeability and relative permittivity are propertiesindicative of the performance of a magnetic material in high frequencyantenna applications. Relative permeability is a measure of the degreeof magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an appliedmagnetic field relative to that of free space (μ_(r)=μ/μ_(o)). Relativepermittivity (ε_(r)) is a relative measure of the electronicpolarizability of a material relative to the polarizability of freespace (ε_(r)=ε/ε_(o)). Generally, permeability (μ′) can be separatedinto two components: spin rotational X_(sp) which is in response forhigh frequency, and domain wall motion X_(dw) which is damped out atmicrowave frequencies. Permeability can be generally represented byμ′=1+X_(dw)+X_(sp).

Unlike spinels, Co₂Y systems typically have a non-cubic unit cell,planar magnetization, and an anisotropic spin-rotation component topermeability. Spin rotation anisotropy is also a consideration inpreparing Co₂Y for high frequency applications. Large anisotropy fields(H_(θ)) are similar to applying an external magnetic field whichincreases resonant frequency, whereas small anisotropy fields (H_(φ))improve permeability. Ho is generally strong in hexagonal ferrites, suchas Co₂Y. As such, domain formation out of the basal plane is suppressedand the material becomes self-magnetizing. The relationship between thepermeability and the rotational stiffness can be represented by theformula (μ_(o)−1)/4π=(1/3)(M_(s)/H_(θ) ^(A)+M_(s)/H_(φ) ^(A)). Forisotropic rotational stiffness (as in spinels), the relationship can berepresented as follows: (μ_(o)−1)/4π=(2/3)(M_(s)/H^(A)). For cases whereH_(θ) ^(A) does not equal to H_(φ) ^(A): f_(res) (μ_(o)−1)=4/3 ψM_(s)[1/2 (H_(θ) ^(A)/H_(φ) ^(A))+1/2 (H_(φ) ^(A)/H_(θ) ^(A))]. It isbelieved that the larger the difference in rotational stiffness, thegreater the self-magnetization field, which could push the resonantfrequency into the microwave region. Permeability drops quickly abovethe resonance frequency.

Another property of magnetodielectric antenna materials is the magneticloss factor. The magnetic loss tangent describes the ability of themagnetic response in a material to be in phase with the frequency of theapplied magnetic field (in this case from electromagnetic radiation) ata certain frequency. This is represented as tan δ_(m)=μ″/μ′. TheMagnetic Q is the inverse of the magnetic loss tangent. Q=1/tan δ_(m).For example, if a loss factor is high at a certain frequency, thematerial would not be able to operate at that frequency. Accordingly, itcan be advantageous for a magnetodielectric material to have lowmagnetic loss tangent up to higher frequencies, such as those above 500MHz, above 800 MHz, or above 1 GHz, as the material could then be usedin applications at those high frequencies. Magnetic Q factors of above20 are advantageous for some applications. This can be especially usefulfor antennas to select particular high frequency signals withoutinterference from other signals at around the selected range.

Composite Y and Z Phase Hexagonal Ferrites

Disclosed herein are embodiments of composite hexagonal ferrites whichcan have particularly advantageous properties for use in radiofrequencyapplications. In particular, embodiments of the disclosed materials canbe especially useful as magnetodielectric antennas due to their highresonant frequency along with their high permeability. The materials caninclude a combination of different hexagonal ferrites to increase theoverall properties. For example, the material can include a combinationof strontium hexagonal ferrite along with barium hexagonal ferrite.Further, embodiments of the material can include a combination of Yphase and Z phase hexagonal ferrites. In some embodiments, two differenthexagonal ferrites having the same phase can be combined. The added in Zphase hexagonal ferrite can be considered to be “doped in” to the Yphase hexagonal ferrite material.

Previously, while resonant frequency could be raised in certainmaterials, these materials tend to have low permeability. For example,Sr₅₂Co₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Sr—Co—Y phase hexagonal ferrite) has a resonantfrequency well above 1 GHz, but a permeability of only 2. By using thecoupled substitution disclosed herein, the permeability can be at leastdoubled, making for enhanced performance of the material in the 500 MHzto 1 GHz range. For example, high permeability allows for a betterminiaturization factor and impedance match to free space, therebyallowing for a reduction of size of components used for radiofrequencyequipment.

Example previous solutions have been trying to increase the resonantfrequency of Co₂—Z phase hexagonal ferrite (Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁) bysubstituting alkali metals for barium, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat.App. No. 2009/0297432, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.While Co₂—Z material has a permeability in the 8-12 range, it has amaximum useable frequency of about 500 MHz which is below the newerfrequency spectrums. Although modest improvements in the resonantfrequency are detailed in that application, they have not significantlyextended the useable frequency range for Co₂—Z phase materials.

Accordingly, disclosed herein are embodiments of hexagonal ferrites thatcan have high permeability for use in high frequency applications.

In some embodiments, the composite hexagonal ferrite material can beformed from an optimized Y-phase composition, such as having the formulaSr_(2-x)Na_(x)Co_(2-x)Sc_(x)Fe₁₂O₂₂ (0<x<1). Further, Z-phase materialsof variations formulations can be added into the y-phase composition toform a material showing optimal properties including Q values >20 at 1GHz. In some embodiments, the Z-phase and Y-phase can stay as separatephases. The advantage of the two phase blend over previous solutions isthe magnetic Q values >20 at 1 GHz were obtained with thesestoichiometric deviations. The z-phase material can have the generalformula: Sr_(3-x-y)Ba_(x)Na_(y)Co_(2-y)Sc_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁ (0<x<3, 0<y<1.5).

The combination of the two material phases can be performed in a numberof different ways. In some embodiments, each of these two phases can beinitially formed from their precursor materials of appropriate amountand blended separately. Once the proper phase is formed and verified,then both Y-phase and Z-phase may be mixed thoroughly. In someembodiments, the initial oxide blend may be formulated so that the Y andZ phases are those which form naturally upon heating.

Embodiments of the composite material can be incorporated intomagnetodielectric antennas, providing them with high efficiency, highbandwidth, and excellent impedance match to free space. For example,embodiments of the disclosure can form high efficiency and highbandwidth antenna materials in the 100 MHz-1 GHz range.

Thus, as shown above, coupled substitutions of elements, such as Na orSc, into a Sr—Co—Y phase can be performed. This can double thepermeability into the 4 to 8 (or about 4 to about 8) range. This canmake for enhanced performance in the 500 MHz to 1 GHz range. Inaddition, an amount of material with Z-phase stoichiometry can improvethe magnetic loss at 1 GHz.

As embodiments of the material can contain large amounts of Sc, whichtends to be expensive to purchase, it can be advantageous to replace theSc with less expensive elements such as In and Zr. The Y-phase materialincorporating Zr or In can have the following compositions:Sr_(2-2x)Na_(2x)Zr_(x)Co_(2-x)Fe₁₂O₂₂ (0≤x<1) andSr_(2-x)Na_(x)In_(x)Co_(2-x)Fe₁₂O₂₂ (0≤x<1). The Z-phase materialincorporating Zr or In can have the following compositions:Sr_(3-x-2y)Ba_(x)Na_(2y)Co_(2-y)Zr_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁ (0≤x<3 and 0≤y<1) andSr_(3-x-y)Ba_(x)Na_(y)Co_(2-y)In_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁ (0≤x<3 and 0≤y<1). Thus,combinations of those four materials can improve properties of the finalcomposite hexagonal ferrite material.

Table 1 shows different compositions that can be incorporated into thematerial, weight being in grams.

TABLE 1 Composite Material Compositions Comp-1 W-1 Comp-2 W-2 Comp-3 W-3Comp-4 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 50Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49.8Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.2 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 48Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 45Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 5 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 40Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 10 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 32.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 18 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 25Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 25 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 17.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 33 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 10Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 40 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 45 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 2Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 48 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 1Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 49 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 0Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 50 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 50Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 48Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 45Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 44Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 6 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 43Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 42Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 41Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 9 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 40Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 10 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.7Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.7Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.7Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Total W W-4 Comp-5 W-5 Comp-6 W-6 Comp-7 W-7 (gr) MnO₂Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂50.5 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50.5 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 3 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 4 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ 0.03Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50.03 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ 0.03 Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.13MnO₂ 0.03 Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 0.1 50.13 MnO₂ 0.03 Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 0.1 50.23 MnO₂Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2 SiO₂ 50.2 MnO₂Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 0.7 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 0.7 MnO₂Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2 SiO₂ 50.2 0.7 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2 SiO₂50.2 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 1.4 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.11.4 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2 SiO₂ 50.2 1.4 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2SiO₂ 50.2 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2SiO₂ 50.2 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2SiO₂ 50.2 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ SiO₂ 50 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.1 SiO₂ 50.1 MnO₂ Al₂O₃ 0.2SiO₂ 50.2

It will be understood that rounding off weight of precursor chemicalsubstances made in to composition mixture sometimes gives slightlyhigher than 50 grams, and these numbers can be normalized to 50 grams.

As shown in the above table, a number of different compositions can fallwithin the scope of this disclosure. FIGS. 3A-I illustrate the realpermeability of the compositions detailed above in Table 1. As shown,embodiments of the disclosure can have high real permeability at a rangeof frequencies, which can be advantageous for miniaturization andimpedance match in free space. For example, embodiments of the materialcan have real permeability of above 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 (or aboveabout 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, or about 10).Embodiments of the material can have real permeability of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, or 10 (or about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, orabout 10). Embodiments of the material can have real permeability ofbelow 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 (or below about 4, about 5, about 6, about7, about 8, about 9, or about 10).

FIGS. 4A-I show imaginary permeability for embodiments of the disclosedmaterial compositions. As shown, the imaginary permeability can remainwell under 1 (or under about 1) through at least 1 GHz, as well as above1 GHz. In some embodiments, the imaginary permeability can be under0.75, 0.5, 0.25, or 0.1 (or below about 0.75, about 0.5, about 0.25, orabout 0.1). In some embodiments, the imaginary permeability can be 0.75,0.5, 0.25, or 0.1 (or about 0.75, about 0.5, about 0.25, or about 0.1).In some embodiments, the imaginary permeability can be over 0.75, 0.5,0.25, or 0.1 (or over about 0.75, about 0.5, about 0.25, or about 0.1).Imaginary permeability is associated with absorption of energy fromapplied magnetic field in to material or attenuation of electromagneticsignal as it transfer through magnetic material and ideally that needsto be zero. It can be advantageous to lower and/or remove imaginarypermeability.

FIGS. 5A-I illustrate the quality factor (e.g., realpermeability/imaginary permeability) for embodiments of the disclosure.The quality factor is the inverse of the loss tangent of the material.Accordingly, as the imaginary permeability increases, the overallquality factor of the material decreases. A lower quality factor is lessuseful an RF component than a higher quality factor. Thus, it can beadvantageous to maintain a high quality factor at frequency ranges ofdesired applications. For instance, the quality factor can be above 5,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 (or above about 5, about 10, about15, about 20, about 25, about 30, about 35, about 40, about 45, or about50) depending on the particular frequency being tested, as shown inFIGS. 5A-I. Advantageously, embodiments of the material can have aquality factor of greater than 15 or greater than 20 (or great thanabout 15 or about 20) at 1 GHz, allowing for embodiments of the materialto be used at these high frequencies (and beyond). Embodiments of thematerial can have a quality factor of 15 or 20 (or about 15 or about 20)at 1 GHz.

Table 2 summarizes certain embodiments of compositions, along with theirrespective real permeability and quality factor, at 1 GHz.

TABLE 2 Compositional Data at 1 GHz Serial Weight No. Composition (g) μ′Q = (μ′/μ″) 1 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 50 6.9 15 2Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49.8 7.1 12.7Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.2 3Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49.5 7 15.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0.5 4Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49 7.2 15Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1 5Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 48 6.8 17.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2 6Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 45 6.9 17.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 5 7Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 40 8.2 13.1Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 10 8Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 32.5 8.4 6.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 18 9Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 25 7.3 4.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 25 10Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 17.5 6.1 3.7Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 33 11Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 10 4.6 3Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 40 12Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 5 3.5 2.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 45 13Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 2 3 2.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 48 14Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 1 2.8 2.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 49 15Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 0 2.6 2.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 50 16Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 50 6.9 15.2Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 0 17Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 49 7 16.3Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1 18Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 48 7.1 17.3Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2 19Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47.5 6.9 17Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.5 20Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47 7 17.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3 21Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 7.2 17.4Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 22Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 45 7.4 16.8Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 5 23Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 44 7.3 17Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 6 24Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 43 7.5 16.8Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 7 25Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 42 8 15.1Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 8 26Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 41 7.8 16.4Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 9 27Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 40 8 9.1Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 10 28Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47 6.9 17.3Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3 29Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 6.7 18.2Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 30Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47 5.4 21.3 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3 31Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 5.3 20.5 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 32Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 47 7.9 7 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3 33Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 6.5 4.7 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 34Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 7.1 16.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 35Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 6.7 18.3Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 Al₂O₃ .1 36Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 6.8 17.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 MnO₂ .03 Al₂O₃ .1 37Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 6.9 17.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 MnO₂ .03 SiO₂ .1 38Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46 7 16.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 4 MnO₂ .03 Al₂O₃ .1 SiO₂.1 39 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.9 17.4Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 40Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.4 18.7Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 41Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.3 19.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 42Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.2 19.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 43Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.6 16Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 44Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.8 12.9 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.545 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 7.3 15.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 46Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 7.2 14.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 47Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 7 16.3Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Al₂O₃ .1 48Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.4 18.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7Al₂O₃ .1 49 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.3 18.6Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4Al₂O₃ .1 50 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.2 18.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Al₂O₃ .1 51 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6 19.4Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Al₂O₃ .1 52 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.4 14.5Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Al₂O₃ .1 53 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂46.5 7.1 16 Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 Al₂O₃ .1 54 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂46.5 6.8 16.7 Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Al₂O₃ .1 55 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂46.5 6.8 17 Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Al₂O₃ .256 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.7 17.5Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7Al₂O₃ .2 57 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.4 18Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4Al₂O₃ .2 58 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.1 16.9Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Al₂O₃ .2 59 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.6 13.7Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Al₂O₃ .2 60 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ 46.5 6.6 12.4Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 3.5 Al₂O₃ .2 61 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂46.5 7.1 16.5 Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.8Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ .7 Al₂O₃ .2 62 Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂46.5 7.4 13.5 Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁ 2.1Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ 1.4 Al₂O₃ .2

In some embodiments, the composite material can be a mixture ofSr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Y-phase) and Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁(Z-phase). The material can be 47 g (or about 47 g)Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ and 3 g (or about 3 g)Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁. In some embodiments, the material can be 46 g (or about46 g) Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂ and 4 g (or about 4 g)Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁.

In some embodiments, the composite material can be made ofSr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂,Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁, MnO₂, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂.The material can be 46 g (or about 46 g) ofSr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂, 4 g (or about 4 g)Ba_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Sc_(0.8)Fe₂₄O₄₁, 0.03 g (or about 0.03g) MnO₂, 0.1 g (or about 0.1 g) Al₂O₃, and 0.1 g (or about 0.1 g) SiO₂.

In some embodiments, the additional materials which can be included intothe composite, such as Al₂O₃, Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁, etc. can be used to inhibitgrain growth or modify grain boundary chemistry. In some embodiments,they may form into separate phases as well. In some embodiments, one ormore of these tertiary phases can be added into the composite material.

Further, FIG. 6 shows a summary of the data in Table 2. As shown,embodiments of the disclosure can have a quality factor of greater than15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 (or greater than about 15, about 16, about 17,about 18, about 19, or about 20) at a 1 GHz frequency. In someembodiments, the material can have a quality factor of less than 25, 24,23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, or 17 (or less than about 25, about 24, about23, about 22, about 21, about 20, about 19, about 18, or about 17) at a1 GHz frequency. In some embodiments, the material can have a qualityfactor of 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, or 17 (or about 25, about 24,about 23, about 22, about 21, about 20, about 19, about 18, or about 17)at a 1 GHz frequency. Further, embodiments of the disclosure can have areal permeability of above 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 (or above about 5, about 6,about 7, about 8, or about 9) at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, thematerial can have a real permeability of below 10, 9, 8, or 7 (or belowabout 10, about 9, about 8, or about 7) at 1 GHz. In some embodiments,the material can have a real permeability of below 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 (orbelow about 10, about 9, about 8, about 7, about 6, or about 5) at 1GHz. Thus, embodiments of the disclosure can contain both high qualityfactors as well as high real permeability, making the materialparticularly useful for radiofrequency applications.

Table 3 illustrates further compositions which can be useful for highfrequency applications.

TABLE 3 Composition Compositions Total Compo- Weight- Compo- Weight-Weight sition-1 1 sition-2 2 (gr)(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 50 NaHCO₃ 0 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.95 NaHCO₃ 0.05 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.9 NaHCO₃ 0.1 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.8 NaHCO₃ 0.2 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.5 NaHCO₃ 0.5 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.95 K₂CO₃ 0.05 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.9 K₂CO₃ 0.1 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.8 K₂CO₃ 0.2 50(Sr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂) 49.5 K₂CO₃ 0.5 50

As shown, embodiments of the disclosure can be doped with certainmaterials having a Z-phase stoichiometry, in particular NaHCO₃ andK₂CO₃, this Z-phase material being different from the material discussedabove. This group can be known as alkali Y-phase hexagonal ferrites.FIGS. 7-9 illustrate the real permeability, imaginary permeability, andquality factor of the compositions listed in Table 3, which can havesimilar advantageous properties as discussed above.

Further, FIG. 10 illustrates the particular material characteristics at1 GHz. As shown, embodiments of the disclosure can have a quality factorof greater than 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 (or greater than about 15,about 16, about 17, about 18, about 19, or about 20) at a 1 GHzfrequency. In some embodiments, the material can have a quality factorof less than 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, or 17 (or less than about25, about 24, about 23, about 22, about 21, about 20, about 19, about18, or about 17) at a 1 GHz frequency. In some embodiments, the materialcan have a quality factor of 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, or 17 (orabout 25, about 24, about 23, about 22, about 21, about 20, about 19,about 18, or about 17) at a 1 GHz frequency. Further, embodiments of thedisclosure can have a real permeability of above 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 (orabove about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, or about 9) at 1 GHz. In someembodiments, the material can have a real permeability of below 10, 9,8, or 7 (or below about 10, about 9, about 8, or about 7) at 1 GHz. Insome embodiments, the material can have a real permeability of below 10,9, 8, 7, 6, 5 (or below about 10, about 9, about 8, about 7, about 6, orabout 5) at 1 GHz. Thus, embodiments of the disclosure can contain bothhigh quality factors as well as high real permeability, making thematerial particularly useful for radiofrequency applications.

Table 4 shows further compositions of mixed composite materials whichcan be advantageous for high frequency applications. As shown, In can bedoped in for Sr to reduce costs while still maintaining the advantageousproperties.

TABLE 4 Composite Compositions Composition-1 W-1 Composition-2(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 50Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 40Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 30Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 40Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 30Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 30Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc _(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) W-2Composition-3 W-3 Total W (gr) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 10 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 20 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 30 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 40 5010 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5020 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5030 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5040 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5010 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 1050 20 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)10 50 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 20 5030 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 1050 10 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)30 50 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 20 5050 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5040 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 1050 30 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)20 50 25Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 25 5010 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 4050 0 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 5050

In some embodiments, the material can be fully (e.g., 50 g (or about 50g)) Of Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).In some embodiments, the composite material can be a combination ofBa_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) andBa_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278). Insome embodiments, the material can be 40 g (or about 40 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) and 10g (or about 10 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278). Insome embodiments, the material can be 30 g (or about 30 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) and 20g (or about 20 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).

As shown, Sr content can be reduced, thereby improving the general costsof the material. Further, a plurality of different mixes of Y-phase andZ-phase compositions can be added together to achieve different andunique properties. Table 5 illustrates the particular properties of theabove compositions of Table 4 at 1 GHz, such as the Figure of Merit(FOM), defined for this material as the permeability multiplies by themagnetic Q of (μ′²/μ″), and FIG. 11 graphical shows the realpermeability and quality factor. The serial number in Table 5 isequivalent to the row number in Table 4.

TABLE 5 Composite Properties at 1 GHz Serial No. u′ Q FOM (u′*Q) 1 5.9118.26 107.92 2 6.55 17.96 117.64 3 6.86 16.31 111.89 4 7.78 13.56 105.505 8.92 9.04 80.64 6 5.98 18.4 110.03 7 6.23 13.03 81.18 8 6.43 9.8363.21 9 7.53 5.99 45.10 10 6.12 17.19 105.20 11 6.49 14.07 91.31 12 6.6514 93.10 13 6.78 10.78 73.09 14 8.18 9.56 78.20 15 7.03 11.76 82.67 163.39 6.7 22.71 17 8.21 5.34 43.84 18 7.82 9.11 71.24 19 8.38 7.93 66.4520 9.21 7.17 66.04 21 8.28 7.62 63.09

As mentioned, FIG. 11 shows a summary of the data in Table 5. As shown,embodiments of the disclosure can have a quality factor of greater than15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 (or greater than about 15, about 16, about 17,about 18, about 19, or about 20) at a 1 GHz frequency. In someembodiments, the material can have a quality factor of less than 25, 24,23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, or 17 (or less than about 25, about 24, about23, about 22, about 21, about 20, about 19, about 18, or about 17) at a1 GHz frequency. In some embodiments, the material can have a qualityfactor of 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, or 17 (or about 25, about 24,about 23, about 22, about 21, about 20, about 19, about 18, or about 17)at a 1 GHz frequency. Further, embodiments of the disclosure can have areal permeability of above 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 (or above about 5, about 6,about 7, about 8, or about 9) at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, thematerial can have a real permeability of below 10, 9, 8, or 7 (or belowabout 10, about 9, about 8, or about 7) at 1 GHz. In some embodiments,the material can have a real permeability of below 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 (orbelow about 10, about 9, about 8, about 7, about 6, or about 5) at 1GHz. Thus, embodiments of the disclosure can contain both high qualityfactors as well as high real permeability, making the materialparticularly useful for radiofrequency applications.

Tables 6 shows further compositions of mixed composite materials whichcan be advantageous for high frequency applications. In thesecompositions, the compositions can be doped by zirconium.

TABLE 6 Composite Compositions Composition-1 W-1 Composition-2(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 50Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 40Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 30Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 40Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 30Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 30Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)(Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)K_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) W-2Composition-3 W-3 Total W (gr) 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 10 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 20 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 30 50 0Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 40 5010 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5020 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5030 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5040 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5010 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 1050 20 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)10 50 10Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 20 5030 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 1050 10 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)30 50 20Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 20 5050 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 0 5040 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 1050 30 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278)20 50 25Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 25 5010 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 4050 0 Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)In_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) 5050

In some embodiments, the material can be fully (e.g., 50 g (or about 50g)) Of Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).In some embodiments, the composite material can be a combination ofBa_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) andBa_(0.081)Sr_(1.304)Co_(1.542)In_(0.193)Zr_(0.193)Na_(0.579)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).In some embodiments, the material can be 40 g (or about 40 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) and 10g (or about 10 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.304)Co_(1.542)In_(0.193)Zr_(0.193)Na_(0.579)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).In some embodiments, the material can be 30 g (or about 30 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278) and 20g (or about 20 g)Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.304)Co_(1.542)In_(0.193)Zr_(0.193)Na_(0.579)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).

Table 7 illustrates the particular properties of the above compositionsof Table 4 at 1 GHz and FIG. 12 graphical shows the real permeabilityand quality factor. As shown, the zirconium doped materials can havesignificantly higher quality factors, but may have reduced realpermeability. The Serial No. in Table 7 relate to the row of Table 6.

TABLE 7 Composite Properties at 1 GHz Serial No. μ′ Q FOM (μ′*Q) 1 6.119.17 116.94 2 8.1 9.62 77.92 3 2.3 38.86 89.38 4 1.24 66.8 82.83 5 1.1672.36 83.94 6 4.47 14.6 65.26 7 1.6 84.13 134.61 8 1.38 214.23 295.64 91.58 28.08 44.37 10 1.63 110.06 179.40 11 1.37 228.54 313.10 12 1.26156.86 197.64 13 1.68 23.14 38.88 14 1.16 85.69 99.40 15 1.17 92.81108.59 16 1.42 33.36 47.37 17 1.42 32.87 46.68 18 1.43 32.33 46.23 191.54 34.46 53.07 20 1.63 24.2 39.45 21 1.42 39.53 56.13

As shown in FIG. 12 , embodiments of the disclosure can have a qualityfactor of greater than 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, or 200(or greater than about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60, about70, about 80, about 90, about 100, about 150, or about 200) at a 1 GHzfrequency. In some embodiments, the material can have a quality factorof less than 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, or 200 (or lessthan about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60, about 70, about80, about 90, about 100, about 150, or about 200) at a 1 GHz frequency.In some embodiments, the material can have a quality factor of 20, 30,40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, or 200 (or about 20, about 30, about40, about 50, about 60, about 70, about 80, about 90, about 100, about150, or about 200) at a 1 GHz frequency. Further, embodiments of thedisclosure can have a real permeability of above 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5,1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2 (or above about 1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9 or about 2)at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, the material can have a real permeabilityof below 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2 (or below about1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7,about 1.8, about 1.9 or about 2) at 1 GHz. In some embodiments, thematerial can have a real permeability of 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6,1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2 (or about 1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9 or about 2) at 1 GHz.Thus, embodiments of the disclosure can contain both high qualityfactors as well as high real permeability, making the materialparticularly useful for radiofrequency applications.

In some embodiments, the material can be fully (e.g., 50 g (or about 50g)) of Ba_(0.081)Sr_(1.497)Co_(1.542)Sc_(0.386)Na_(0.386)Fe₁₂O_(22.278).

Processing

Below lists an example processing method for creating theabove-disclosed materials. The materials are formulated so that acombination of Y and Z phases can be thermodynamically stable after thesintering heat treatment.

FIGS. 13-17 illustrate processes for fabricating ferrite devices, suchas radio frequency antennas, using one or more of the embodiments of theabove disclosed hexagonal ferrite materials and having one or morefeatures as described herein. FIG. 13 shows a process 20 that can beimplemented to fabricate a ceramic material having one or more of theforegoing properties. In block 21, powder can be prepared. In block 22,a shaped object can be formed from the prepared powder. In block 23, theformed object can be sintered. In block 24, the sintered object can befinished to yield a finished ceramic object having one or more desirableproperties.

In implementations where the finished ceramic object is part of adevice, the device can be assembled in block 25. In implementationswhere the device or the finished ceramic object is part of a product,the product can be assembled in block 26.

FIG. 13 further shows that some or all of the steps of the exampleprocess 20 can be based on a design, specification, etc. Similarly, someor all of the steps can include or be subjected to testing, qualitycontrol, etc.

Powder prepared can include one or more properties as described herein,and/or facilitate formation of ceramic objects having one or moreproperties as described herein.

In some implementations, powder prepared as described herein can beformed into different shapes by different forming techniques. By way ofexamples, FIG. 14 shows a process 50 that can be implemented topress-form a shaped object from a powder material prepared as describedherein. In block 52, a shaped die can be filled with a desired amount ofthe powder. In FIG. 15 , configuration 60 shows the shaped die as 61that defines a volume 62 dimensioned to receive the powder 63 and allowsuch power to be pressed. In block 53, the powder in the die can becompressed to form a shaped object. Configuration 64 shows the powder inan intermediate compacted form 67 as a piston 65 is pressed (arrow 66)into the volume 62 defined by the die 61. In block 54, pressure can beremoved from the die. In block 55, the piston (65) can be removed fromthe die (61) so as to open the volume (62). Configuration 68 shows theopened volume (62) of the die (61) thereby allowing the formed object 69to be removed from the die. In block 56, the formed object (69) can beremoved from the die (61). In block 57, the formed object can be storedfor further processing. Additional forming methods familiar to thoseskilled in the art include but are not limited to isostatic pressing,tape casting, tape calendaring and extrusion

In some implementations, formed objects fabricated as described hereincan be sintered to yield desirable physical properties as ceramicdevices. FIG. 16 shows a process 70 that can be implemented to sintersuch formed objects. In block 71, formed objects can be provided. Inblock 72, the formed objects can be introduced into a kiln. In FIG. 17 ,a plurality of formed objects 69 are shown to be loaded into a sinteringtray 80. The example tray 80 is shown to define a recess 83 dimensionedto hold the formed objects 69 on a surface 82 so that the upper edge ofthe tray is higher than the upper portions of the formed objects 69.Such a configuration allows the loaded trays to be stacked during thesintering process. The example tray 80 is further shown to definecutouts 83 at the side walls to allow improved circulation of hot gas atwithin the recess 83, even when the trays are stacked together. FIG. 17further shows a stack 84 of a plurality of loaded trays 80. A top cover85 can be provided so that the objects loaded in the top tray generallyexperience similar sintering condition as those in lower trays.

In block 73, heat can be applied to the formed objects so as to yieldsintered objects, such as antennas. Such application of heat can beachieved by use of a kiln. In block 74, the sintered objects can beremoved from the kiln. In FIG. 17 , the stack 84 having a plurality ofloaded trays is depicted as being introduced into a kiln 87 (stage 86a). Such a stack can be moved through the kiln (stages 86 b, 86 c) basedon a desired time and temperature profile. In stage 86 d, the stack 84is depicted as being removed from the kiln so as to be cooled.

In block 75, the sintered objects can be cooled. Such cooling can bebased on a desired time and temperature profile. In block 206, thecooled objects can undergo one or more finishing operations. In block207, one or more tests can be performed.

Heat treatment of various forms of powder and various forms of shapedobjects are described herein as calcining, firing, annealing, and/orsintering. It will be understood that such terms may be usedinterchangeably in some appropriate situations, in context-specificmanners, or some combination thereof.

Textured Hexagonal Ferrite

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide processing techniquesfor increasing the permeability of composite hexaferrites at higherfrequencies. It can be used instead of or in conjunction with the abovedisclosed methodology. In one implementation, the processing techniquesinvolve methods of magnetic texturing of composite hexaferrites toresult in a textured ceramic with improved magnetic properties. In oneembodiment, the method of magnetic texturing used in forming involvesusing a reaction sintering method, which includes the steps of aligningM-phase (BaFe₁₂O₁₉ uniaxial magnetization) with non-magnetic additivesin a static magnetic field and reacting with BaO source and CoO to formthe Y-phase (Sr₂Me₂Fe₁₂O₂₂). In another embodiment, the method ofmagnetic texturing used in forming Sr—Co₂Y involves using a rotatingmagnetic field method, which includes the steps of aligning Sr—Co₂Yphase (planar magnetization) with magnetic texturing occurring in arotating magnetic field. The inventor has found that the degree ofalignment, thus permeability gain, is far superior in a rotatingmagnetic field.

In some embodiments, the processing technique for forming the Y phasematerial includes making Y phase Fe deficient to inhibit reduction of Feas the inventor believes that dielectric and magnetic loss is increasedby reduction of Fe (Fe³⁺→Fe²⁺) at high temperatures. The processingtechnique includes the step of heat treatment or annealing in oxygen toinhibit reduction of Fe and cause Fe²⁺→Fe³.

Both the Y and Z phase hexagonal ferrites have their easy axis ofmagnetization parallel to the crystallographic hexagonal basal plane.They can be magnetically aligned together.

In some other embodiments, the processing technique for forming Sr—Co₂Yincludes forming fine grain hexagonal ferrite particles. The processinvolves using high energy milling to reduce the particle size.

FIG. 18 illustrates a method 100 of forming a Sr—Co₂Y material accordingto a preferred embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18 , appropriate amounts ofprecursor materials—reactants that may provide strontium, cobalt, iron,one or more alkali metals, scandium, indium, aluminum, silica, manganeseand oxygen that can form the magnetic material—are mixed together inStep 102. In some aspects, at least a portion of the oxygen may beprovided in the form of an oxygen-containing compound of strontium (Sr),cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), or one or more alkali metals. For example, theseelements may be provided in carbonate or oxide forms, or in otheroxygen-containing precursor forms known in the art. In one or moreaspects, one or more precursor materials may be provided in anon-oxygen-containing compound, or in a pure elemental form. In otheraspects, oxygen could be supplied from a separate compound, such as, forexample, H₂O₂ or from gaseous oxygen or air. For example, in oneembodiment, SrCO₃, Co₃O₄, NaHCO₃, Sc₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ precursors are mixedin a ratio appropriate for the formation of the Y phase material. Theseprecursor compounds may be mixed or blended in water or alcohol using,for example, a Cowles mixer, a ball mill, or a vibratory mill. Theseprecursors may also be blended in a dry form.

The blended mixture may then be dried if necessary in Step 104. Themixture may be dried in any of a number of ways, including, for example,pan drying or spray drying. The dried mixture may then be heated in Step106 at a temperature and for a period of time to promote calcination.For example, the temperature in the heating system used in heating Step106 may increase at a rate of between about 20° C. per hour and about200° C. per hour to achieve a soak temperature of about 1000° C.-1300°C., or about 1100° C. to 1250° C., which may be maintained for about twohours to about twelve hours. The heating system may be, for example, anoven or a kiln. The mixture may experience a loss of moisture, and/orreduction or oxidation of one or more components, and/or thedecomposition of carbonates and/or organic compounds which may bepresent. At least a portion of the mixture may form a hexaferrite solidsolution

The temperature ramp rate, the soak temperature, and the time for whichthe mixture is heated may be chosen depending on the requirements for aparticular application. For example, if small crystal grains are desiredin the material after heating, a faster temperature ramp, and/or lowersoak temperature, and/or shorter heating time may be selected as opposedto an application where larger crystal grains are desired. In addition,the use of different amounts and/or forms of precursor materials mayresult in different requirements for parameters such as temperature ramprate and soaking temperature and/or time to provide desiredcharacteristics to the post-heated mixture.

After heating, the mixture, which may have formed agglomerated particlesof hexaferrite solid solution, may be cooled to room temperature, or toany other temperature that would facilitate further processing. Thecooling rate of the heating system may be, for example, 80° C. per hour.In step 108, the agglomerated particles may be milled. Milling may takeplace in water, in alcohol, in a ball mill, a vibratory mill, or othermilling apparatus. In some embodiments, the milling is continued untilthe median particle diameter of the resulting powdered material is fromabout one to about four microns, although other particle sizes, forexample, from about one to about ten microns in diameter, may beacceptable in some applications. In a preferred embodiment, high energymilling is used to mill the particles to a fine particle size of 0.2 to0.9 microns in diameter. This particle size may be measured using, forexample, a sedigraph or a laser scattering technique. A target medianparticle size may be selected to provide sufficient surface area of theparticles to facilitate sintering in a later step. Particles with asmaller median diameter may be more reactive and more easily sinteredthan larger particles. In some methods, one or more alkali metals oralkali metal precursors or other dopant materials may be added at thispoint rather than, or in addition to, in step 102.

The powdered material may be dried if necessary in step 110 and thedried powder may be pressed into a desired shape using, for example, auniaxial press or an isostatic press in step 112. The pressure used topress the material may be, for example, up to 80,000 N/m, and istypically in the range of from about 20,000 N/m to about 60,000 N/m². Ahigher pressing pressure may result in a more dense material subsequentto further heating than a lower pressing pressure.

In step 114, the pressed powdered material may be sintered to form asolid mass of doped hexaferrite. The solid mass of doped hexaferrite maybe sintered in a mold having the shape of a component desired to beformed from the doped hexaferrite. Sintering of the doped hexaferritemay be performed at a suitable or desired temperature and for a timeperiod sufficient to provide one or more desired characteristics, suchas, but not limited to, crystal grain size, level of impurities,compressibility, tensile strength, porosity, and in some cases, magneticpermeability. Preferably, the sintering conditions promote one or moredesired material characteristics without affecting, or at least withacceptable changes to other undesirable properties. For example, thesintering conditions may promote formation of the sintered dopedhexaferrite with little or minimal iron reduction. In one embodiment,the temperature used in the sintering step 114 is preferably between1100° C. to 1250° C. According to some embodiments, the temperature inthe heating system used in the sintering step 114 may be increased at arate of between about 20° C. per hour and about 200° C. per hour toachieve a soak temperature of about 1000° C.-1450° C. or about 1100° C.to 1150° C. or about 1100° C.-1250° C. which may be maintained for abouttwo hours to about twelve hours. The heating system may be, for example,an oven or a kiln. A slower ramp, and/or higher soak temperature, and/orlonger sintering time may result in a more dense sintered material thanmight be achieved using a faster temperature ramp, and/or lower soaktemperature, and/or shorter heating time. Increasing the density of thefinal sintered material by making adjustments, for example, to thesintering process can be performed to provide a material with a desiredmagnetic permeability, saturation magnetization, and/or magnetostrictioncoefficient. According to some embodiments of methods according to thepresent disclosure, the density range of the sintered hexaferrite may bebetween about 4.50 g/cm³ and about 5.36 g/cm³. A desired magneticpermeability of the doped hexaferrite may also be achieved by tailoringthe heat treatment of the material to produce grains with desired sizes.The hexaferrite may also be crush pressed and further sintered in step116 to form a final hexaferrite product.

The grain size of material produced by embodiments of the above methodmay vary from between about five micrometers and one millimeter indiameter depending upon the processing conditions, with even largergrain sizes possible in some aspects of methods according to the presentdisclosure. In some aspects, each crystal of the material may comprise asingle magnetic domain. Both doped Sr— Co₂Y and chemically substituted(for example, Na and Sc) Sr— Co₂Y may be members of the planarhexaferrite family called ferroxplana, having a Y-type ferrite crystalstructure.

FIG. 19 illustrates a method 200 of forming textured Sr—Co₂Y accordingto another embodiment adapted to reduce the magnetorestriction andimprove the resonant frequency of the material. The method 200 beginswith step 202 in which a fine grain hexagonal ferrite powder is formed.In one implementation, the fine grain hexagonal ferrite powder is astrontium cobalt ferrite Y-phase powder. This powder can be synthesizedusing a chemical process known in the art such as co-precipitation. TheSr—Co₂Y can also be synthesized via sol-gel, calcining, and mechanicalmilling using a Netzsch zeta-mill or the like. In one embodiment, theSr—Co₂Y powder has particle sizes of less than about 1 micron andsurface areas of greater than about 6 m²/g. In another embodiment, theSr—Co₂Y powder has an average particle size of less than about 1 micronand an average surface area of greater than about 6 m²/g.

As FIG. 19 further shows, the method 200 further comprises step 204 inwhich the hexagonal ferrite powder is compacted by a known process suchas cold isostatic pressing, uniaxial pressing, extrusion, or the like.As also shown in FIG. 19 , the hexagonal powder is subsequently fired atstep 206 at a temperature between about 1100° C. to 1250° C., which islower than the standard, conventional sintering temperature for the samematerial. The resulting material is preferably a fine grained hexagonalferrite material.

Application of the Material

FIGS. 20 and 21 respectively illustrate a power amplifier module 1010and wireless device 1011 which can include one or more radio frequencydevices implemented using any of the methods, materials, and devices ofthe present disclosure. For instance, the power amplifier module 1010and the wireless device 1011 can include one or more antennas,transformers, inductors, circulators, absorbers, or other RF devices orother devices implemented according to the present disclosure, includingdevices incorporating an embodiment of the disclosed composite ceramic.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier module (PAM) 1010for amplifying a radio frequency (RF) signal. The illustrated poweramplifier module 1010 amplifies an RF signal (RF_IN) to generate anamplified RF signal (RF_OUT).

FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of an example wireless or mobiledevice 1011. The example wireless device 1011 depicted in FIG. 21 canrepresent a multi-band and/or multi-mode device such as amulti-band/multi-mode mobile phone. By way of examples, Global Systemfor Mobile (GSM) communication standard is a mode of digital cellularcommunication that is utilized in many parts of the world. GSM modemobile phones can operate at one or more of four frequency bands: 850MHz (approximately 824-849 MHz for Tx, 869-894 MHz for Rx), 900 MHz(approximately 880-915 MHz for Tx, 925-960 MHz for Rx), 1800 MHz(approximately 1710-1785 MHz for Tx, 1805-1880 MHz for Rx), and 1900 MHz(approximately 1850-1910 MHz for Tx, 1930-1990 MHz for Rx). Variationsand/or regional/national implementations of the GSM bands are alsoutilized in different parts of the world.

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is another standard that can beimplemented in mobile phone devices. In certain implementations, CDMAdevices can operate in one or more of 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and1900 MHz bands, while certain W-CDMA and Long Term Evolution (LTE)devices can operate over, for example, 22 or more radio frequencyspectrum bands.

One or more features of the present disclosure can be implemented in theforegoing example modes and/or bands, and in other communicationstandards. For example, 802.11, 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE, and Advanced LTE arenon-limiting examples of such standards. To increase data rates, thewireless device 1011 can operate using complex modulated signals, suchas 64 QAM signals.

In certain embodiments, the wireless device 1011 can include switches1012, a transceiver 1013, an antenna 1014, power amplifiers 1017 a, 1017b, a control component 1018, a computer readable medium 1019, aprocessor 1020, a battery 1021, and a power management system 1030, anyof which can include embodiments of the disclosed material.

The transceiver 1013 can generate RF signals for transmission via theantenna 1014. Furthermore, the transceiver 1013 can receive incoming RFsignals from the antenna 1014.

It will be understood that various functionalities associated with thetransmission and receiving of RF signals can be achieved by one or morecomponents that are collectively represented in FIG. 21 as thetransceiver 1013. For example, a single component can be configured toprovide both transmitting and receiving functionalities. In anotherexample, transmitting and receiving functionalities can be provided byseparate components.

Similarly, it will be understood that various antenna functionalitiesassociated with the transmission and receiving of RF signals can beachieved by one or more components that are collectively represented inFIG. 21 as the antenna 1014. For example, a single antenna can beconfigured to provide both transmitting and receiving functionalities.In another example, transmitting and receiving functionalities can beprovided by separate antennas. In yet another example, different bandsassociated with the wireless device 1011 can operate using differentantennas.

In FIG. 21 , one or more output signals from the transceiver 1013 aredepicted as being provided to the antenna 1014 via one or moretransmission paths 1015. In the example shown, different transmissionpaths 1015 can represent output paths associated with different bandsand/or different power outputs. For instance, the two example poweramplifiers 1017 a, 1017 b shown can represent amplifications associatedwith different power output configurations (e.g., low power output andhigh power output), and/or amplifications associated with differentbands. Although FIG. 21 illustrates a configuration using twotransmission paths 1015 and two power amplifiers 1017 a, 1017 b, thewireless device 1011 can be adapted to include more or fewertransmission paths 1015 and/or more or fewer power amplifiers.

In FIG. 21 , one or more detected signals from the antenna 1014 aredepicted as being provided to the transceiver 1013 via one or morereceiving paths 1016. In the example shown, different receiving paths1016 can represent paths associated with different bands. For example,the four example receiving paths 1016 shown can represent quad-bandcapability that some wireless devices are provided with. Although FIG.21 illustrates a configuration using four receiving paths 1016, thewireless device 1011 can be adapted to include more or fewer receivingpaths 1016.

To facilitate switching between receive and transmit paths, the switches1012 can be configured to electrically connect the antenna 1014 to aselected transmit or receive path. Thus, the switches 1012 can provide anumber of switching functionalities associated with operation of thewireless device 1011. In certain embodiments, the switches 1012 caninclude a number of switches configured to provide functionalitiesassociated with, for example, switching between different bands,switching between different power modes, switching between transmissionand receiving modes, or some combination thereof. The switches 1012 canalso be configured to provide additional functionality, includingfiltering and/or duplexing of signals.

FIG. 21 shows that in certain embodiments, a control component 1018 canbe provided for controlling various control functionalities associatedwith operations of the switches 1012, the power amplifiers 1017 a, 1017b, the power management system 1030, and/or other operating components.

In certain embodiments, a processor 1020 can be configured to facilitateimplementation of various processes described herein. The processor 1020can implement various computer program instructions. The processor 1020can be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus.

In certain embodiments, these computer program instructions may also bestored in a computer-readable memory 1019 that can direct the processor1020 to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructionsstored in the computer-readable memory 1019.

The illustrated wireless device 1011 also includes the power managementsystem 1030, which can be used to provide power amplifier supplyvoltages to one or more of the power amplifiers 1017 a, 1017 b. Forexample, the power management system 1030 can be configured to changethe supply voltages provided to the power amplifiers 1017 a, 1017 b toimprove efficiency, such as power added efficiency (PAE). The powermanagement system 1030 can be used to provide average power tracking(APT) and/or envelope tracking (ET). Furthermore, as will be describedin detail further below, the power management system 1030 can includeone or more low dropout (LDO) regulators used to generate poweramplifier supply voltages for one or more stages of the power amplifiers1017 a, 1017 b. In the illustrated implementation, the power managementsystem 1030 is controlled using a power control signal generated by thetransceiver 1013. In certain configurations, the power control signal isprovided by the transceiver 1013 to the power management system 1030over an interface, such as a serial peripheral interface (SPI) or MobileIndustry Processor Interface (MIPI).

In certain configurations, the wireless device 1011 may operate usingcarrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation can be used for both FrequencyDivision Duplexing (FDD) and Time Division Duplexing (TDD), and may beused to aggregate a plurality of carriers or channels, for instance upto five carriers. Carrier aggregation includes contiguous aggregation,in which contiguous carriers within the same operating frequency bandare aggregated. Carrier aggregation can also be non-contiguous, and caninclude carriers separated in frequency within a common band or indifferent bands.

From the foregoing description, it will be appreciated that an inventivehexagonal ferrites and manufacturing methods are disclosed. Whileseveral components, techniques and aspects have been described with acertain degree of particularity, it is manifest that many changes can bemade in the specific designs, constructions and methodology herein abovedescribed without departing from the spirit and scope of thisdisclosure.

Certain features that are described in this disclosure in the context ofseparate implementations can also be implemented in combination in asingle implementation. Conversely, various features that are describedin the context of a single implementation can also be implemented inmultiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination.Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certaincombinations, one or more features from a claimed combination can, insome cases, be excised from the combination, and the combination may beclaimed as any subcombination or variation of any subcombination.

Moreover, while methods may be depicted in the drawings or described inthe specification in a particular order, such methods need not beperformed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, and thatall methods need not be performed, to achieve desirable results. Othermethods that are not depicted or described can be incorporated in theexample methods and processes. For example, one or more additionalmethods can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between anyof the described methods. Further, the methods may be rearranged orreordered in other implementations. Also, the separation of varioussystem components in the implementations described above should not beunderstood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and itshould be understood that the described components and systems cangenerally be integrated together in a single product or packaged intomultiple products. Additionally, other implementations are within thescope of this disclosure.

Conditional language, such as “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unlessspecifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within thecontext as used, is generally intended to convey that certainembodiments include or do not include, certain features, elements,and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intendedto imply that features, elements, and/or steps are in any way requiredfor one or more embodiments.

Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,”unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with thecontext as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may beeither X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generallyintended to imply that certain embodiments require the presence of atleast one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z.

Language of degree used herein, such as the terms “approximately,”“about,” “generally,” and “substantially” as used herein represent avalue, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value, amount, orcharacteristic that still performs a desired function or achieves adesired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”,“generally,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is withinless than or equal to 10% of, within less than or equal to 5% of, withinless than or equal to 1% of, within less than or equal to 0.1% of, andwithin less than or equal to 0.01% of the stated amount.

Some embodiments have been described in connection with the accompanyingdrawings. The figures are drawn to scale, but such scale should not belimiting, since dimensions and proportions other than what are shown arecontemplated and are within the scope of the disclosed inventions.Distances, angles, etc. are merely illustrative and do not necessarilybear an exact relationship to actual dimensions and layout of thedevices illustrated. Components can be added, removed, and/orrearranged. Further, the disclosure herein of any particular feature,aspect, method, property, characteristic, quality, attribute, element,or the like in connection with various embodiments can be used in allother embodiments set forth herein. Additionally, it will be recognizedthat any methods described herein may be practiced using any devicesuitable for performing the recited steps.

While a number of embodiments and variations thereof have been describedin detail, other modifications and methods of using the same will beapparent to those of skill in the art. Accordingly, it should beunderstood that various applications, modifications, materials, andsubstitutions can be made of equivalents without departing from theunique and inventive disclosure herein or the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A composite hexagonal ferrite materialcomprising: a base y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition having aformula Sr_(2-2x)Na_(2x)Zr_(x)Co_(2-x)Fe₁₂O₂₂ orSr_(2-x)Na_(x)In_(x)Co_(2-x)Fe₁₂O₂₂, 0<x<1; and a doped-in z-phasehexagonal ferrite composition to form the composite hexagonal ferritematerial, the doped-in z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition having aformula Sr_(3-x′-y′)Ba_(x′)Na_(y′)Co_(2-y′)In_(y′)Fe₂₄O₄₁, 0<x′<3 and0<y′<1.
 2. An antenna formed from the composite hexagonal ferritematerial of claim
 1. 3. A composite hexagonal ferrite materialcomprising: a base y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition, the basey-phase hexagonal ferrite composition having a formulaSr_(2-x′)Na_(x′)In_(x′)Co_(2-x′)Fe₁₂O₂₂, 0<x′<1; and a doped-in z-phasehexagonal ferrite composition to form the composite hexagonal ferritematerial, the doped-in z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition having aformula Sr_(3-x-2y)Ba_(x′)Na_(2y)Co_(2-y)Zr_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁ orSr_(3-x-y)Ba_(x)Na_(y)Co_(2-y)In_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁, 0<x<3, and 0<y<1.
 4. Anantenna formed from the composite hexagonal ferrite material of claim 3.5. A composite hexagonal ferrite material comprising: a base y-phasehexagonal ferrite composition having a formulaSr_(2-x)Na_(x)Co_(2-x)Sc_(x)Fe₁₂O₂₂, 0<x<1; and a doped-in z-phasehexagonal ferrite composition to form the composite hexagonal ferritematerial, the doped-in z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition having aformula Sr_(3-x-y)Ba_(x)Na_(y)Co_(2-y)Sc_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁, 0<x<3, 0<y<1.5. 6.The composite hexagonal ferrite material of claim 5 wherein thecomposite hexagonal ferrite material includes two phases.
 7. Thecomposite hexagonal ferrite material of claim 5 wherein the compositehexagonal ferrite material has a real permeability of between 3 and 7 at1 GHz.
 8. The composite hexagonal ferrite material of claim 5 whereinthe composite hexagonal ferrite material has a real permeability ofgreater than 6 at 1 GHz.
 9. The composite hexagonal ferrite material ofclaim 5 wherein the y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition includesSr_(1.6)Na_(0.4)Sc_(0.4)Co_(1.6)Fe₁₂O₂₂.
 10. The composite hexagonalferrite material of claim 5 wherein the doped-in z-phase hexagonalferrite composition includesBa_(1.4)Sr_(0.8)Na_(0.8)Sc_(0.8)Co_(1.2)Fe₁₂O₂₂.
 11. A compositehexagonal ferrite material comprising: a base y-phase hexagonal ferritecomposition having a formula Sr_(2-x)Na_(x)In_(x)Co_(2-x)Fe₁₂O₂₂, 0<x<1;and a doped-in z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition to form thecomposite hexagonal ferrite material.
 12. A composite hexagonal ferritematerial comprising: a base y-phase hexagonal ferrite composition; and adoped-in z-phase hexagonal ferrite composition to form the compositehexagonal ferrite material, the doped-in z-phase hexagonal ferritecomposition having a formulaSr_(3-x-y)Ba_(x)Na_(y)Co_(2-y)In_(y)Fe₂₄O₄₁, 0<x<3, and 0<y<1.
 13. Theantenna of claim 2 wherein the antenna is part of a wireless device. 14.The antenna of claim 4 wherein the antenna is part of a wireless device.15. An antenna formed from the composite hexagonal ferrite material ofclaim
 5. 16. The antenna of claim 15 wherein the antenna is part of awireless device.
 17. An antenna formed from the composite hexagonalferrite material of claim
 11. 18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein theantenna is part of a wireless device.
 19. An antenna formed from thecomposite hexagonal ferrite material of claim
 12. 20. The antenna ofclaim 19 wherein the antenna is part of a wireless device.